Physical Characterization is the final major step in a root-cause of the failure. This stage involves inspecting the isolated areas of the die to find the responsible defect. The information is ranged in two columns: Publication and Tools.

Publications : the technical paper from laboratory, research centre and  public internet source; the technical note from industry, fabricant; the research result report from university, etc.

Tools : information for the tools which could be used in this step;  the tools' introduction and use notes from industry and fabricant, etc.

Do not hesitate to send us any link you wish to see added in EUFANET database.